Read Online A Workbook to Communicative Grammar of English by Dr. Edward Woods, Rudy Coppieters - Free Book Online Page A
Authors: Dr. Edward Woods, Rudy Coppieters
Ads: Link
proposals hope they will encourage long-serving constables and sergeants in their 50s to stay on. Under existing rules, police in the lower ranks must retire at 55, and many choose to take their pension after 30 years’ service. As a result, forces across the country are facing a retirement “timebomb”, with many officers due to leave this decade.
3. Top scientists believe that global warming has caused an unexpected collapse in the number of the world’s most hunted whale.
They think that a sharp contraction in sea ice in the Antarctic is the likeliest explanation behind new findings, which suggest that the numbers of minke whales in the surrounding seas has fallen by half in less than a decade. The findings have greatly strengthened the arguments of conservationists who are resisting moves to lift a 15-year-old official ban on the hunt. (…)
Commercial whaling has been banned officially since 1986, but Japan and Norway each continue to kill about 500 minke whales a year. Japan does so under the guise of “scientific research”, allowed under the IWC’s treaty; Norway by exempting itself from the ban, which is also permitted under the agreement.
Task four *
Complete the following sentences, using a simple or progressive present perfect.
1. It (rain) ____________ cats and dogs again.
2. (you see) ____________ any films directed by Stanley Kubrick?
3. I (write) ____________ at least five letters to complain about the infernal noise next door.
4. (you drink) ____________, I can smell it!
5. Liz and I (know) ____________ each other for only a few days.
6. Tell me, how long (you wait) ___________ here?
7. We (study) ____________ your report but (not draw) ____________ any conclusions yet.
8. The refugee camp (become) ____________ quite crowded as people (cross) ____________ the border in ever greater numbers.
9. I (never witness) ____________ a hijacking although I (fly) __________ across the oceans dozens of times.
10. Boris (cheat) ____________ on his live-in girlfriend for months, so she (decide) __________ to leave him at last.
11. Somebody (just tell) ___________________ me that Fred and Wilma (constantly argue) ______________________________ about trivial things lately.
12. Pat (work) ____________ flat out all morning but (still not finish) ____________ the repair job.
Task five ***
Rewrite the following text using direct instead of indirect speech. Replace the past perfect forms by corresponding simple past or present perfect forms.
Example:
Stella Soames often said that she had experienced an unhappy childhood but had always been a very happy adult . ⇒
Stella: “I experienced an unhappy childhood but have always been a very happy adult.”
Stella Soames phoned last night to tell me that her husband Kevin had just died in hospital. He had fallen off his horse a week before and broken a leg and several ribs. Instead of recovering after the operation, however, he had suffered a stroke and lain in a coma for three or four days, from which he had not woken up again.
Stella told me she had already fixed a date for the funeral but hadn’t contacted her husband’s brother and sister yet as she had been out of touch with them for years. She added that Kevin had been a wonderful man and she had never regretted marrying him.
She also asked me if I knew about Kevin’s recent conversion to Buddhism. I said I had heard some rumours about it at the local pub and had considered converting to it myself lately. I told Stella I had always believed in an afterlife but had kept it to myself until then. Upon which she thanked me, saying I had at least offered her the prospect of one day meeting Kevin again.
5.7. Past time 2
Sections 128–131
The difference between past tense and perfect aspect cannot be expressed by infinitives or - ing constructions. Instead, the perfect expresses general past meaning: It seems that John ( has ) missed the point ⇒ John seems to have missed the point.
Adverbials
3. Top scientists believe that global warming has caused an unexpected collapse in the number of the world’s most hunted whale.
They think that a sharp contraction in sea ice in the Antarctic is the likeliest explanation behind new findings, which suggest that the numbers of minke whales in the surrounding seas has fallen by half in less than a decade. The findings have greatly strengthened the arguments of conservationists who are resisting moves to lift a 15-year-old official ban on the hunt. (…)
Commercial whaling has been banned officially since 1986, but Japan and Norway each continue to kill about 500 minke whales a year. Japan does so under the guise of “scientific research”, allowed under the IWC’s treaty; Norway by exempting itself from the ban, which is also permitted under the agreement.
Task four *
Complete the following sentences, using a simple or progressive present perfect.
1. It (rain) ____________ cats and dogs again.
2. (you see) ____________ any films directed by Stanley Kubrick?
3. I (write) ____________ at least five letters to complain about the infernal noise next door.
4. (you drink) ____________, I can smell it!
5. Liz and I (know) ____________ each other for only a few days.
6. Tell me, how long (you wait) ___________ here?
7. We (study) ____________ your report but (not draw) ____________ any conclusions yet.
8. The refugee camp (become) ____________ quite crowded as people (cross) ____________ the border in ever greater numbers.
9. I (never witness) ____________ a hijacking although I (fly) __________ across the oceans dozens of times.
10. Boris (cheat) ____________ on his live-in girlfriend for months, so she (decide) __________ to leave him at last.
11. Somebody (just tell) ___________________ me that Fred and Wilma (constantly argue) ______________________________ about trivial things lately.
12. Pat (work) ____________ flat out all morning but (still not finish) ____________ the repair job.
Task five ***
Rewrite the following text using direct instead of indirect speech. Replace the past perfect forms by corresponding simple past or present perfect forms.
Example:
Stella Soames often said that she had experienced an unhappy childhood but had always been a very happy adult . ⇒
Stella: “I experienced an unhappy childhood but have always been a very happy adult.”
Stella Soames phoned last night to tell me that her husband Kevin had just died in hospital. He had fallen off his horse a week before and broken a leg and several ribs. Instead of recovering after the operation, however, he had suffered a stroke and lain in a coma for three or four days, from which he had not woken up again.
Stella told me she had already fixed a date for the funeral but hadn’t contacted her husband’s brother and sister yet as she had been out of touch with them for years. She added that Kevin had been a wonderful man and she had never regretted marrying him.
She also asked me if I knew about Kevin’s recent conversion to Buddhism. I said I had heard some rumours about it at the local pub and had considered converting to it myself lately. I told Stella I had always believed in an afterlife but had kept it to myself until then. Upon which she thanked me, saying I had at least offered her the prospect of one day meeting Kevin again.
5.7. Past time 2
Sections 128–131
The difference between past tense and perfect aspect cannot be expressed by infinitives or - ing constructions. Instead, the perfect expresses general past meaning: It seems that John ( has ) missed the point ⇒ John seems to have missed the point.
Adverbials
Similar Books
